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| # 查看目前的版本 cat /etc/debian_version
# 編輯更新源 vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main non-free contrib deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main non-free contrib # Offical source deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main # 163 source deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ squeeze/updates main non-free contrib # 設置 LC_ALL 出錯 locale -a vim /etc/locale.gen
#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 => en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
locale-gen locale -a
# 更新和升級舊的套件 apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade
# 刪除原有的 apache apt-get --purge remove apache2 apt-get --purge remove apache2.2-common apt-get --purge remove apache2-utils
# 設置時區並檢查是否已更新 cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Hongkong /etc/localtime && date -u date
# 改 bash 為 zsh apt-get install git apt-get install zsh wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh chsh -s /bin/zsh su - root
# 加入 htop 指令 apt-get install htop
# 改變 SSH 端口和禁止 root 登入 vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Port 22 => Port 3333 PermitRootLogin yes => PermitRootLogin no ChallengeResponseAuthentication no PasswordAuthentication no UsePAM no # 提升登錄速度 UseDNS no # 建立新的用戶 useradd Your_User passwd Your_User mkdir /home/Your_User chown Your_User:Your_User /home/Your_User chmod 755 /home/Your_User
# 重啟 SSH service ssh restart
# 開新連線作測試,並設置 zsh (同上) ssh Your_User@Your_IP -p 3333
# 加入免密碼登入 SSH 的公匙到驗證文件中 # 在本機的生成方法: ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/The_Name_Of_File cd ~ mkdir ~/.ssh && chmod 700 ~/.ssh chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys echo "THE_KEY_CONTENT" >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys chmod 400 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
# 在本機中加入登入資料 Host 198.23.243.125 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa.The_Name_Of_File User Your_User Port 3333 # 再開新連線作測試是否成功 ssh Your_IP
# 切換成 root su - root
# 建立暫時目錄 cd ~ && mkdir server && cd server
# 為 Apache 準備,安裝 APR (Apache Portable Runtime) apt-get install libapr1-dev apt-get install libaprutil1-dev
# 為 Percona 準備,安裝 cmake apt-get install cmake apt-get install libncurses5-dev apt-get install g++ apt-get install bison apt-get install libaio-dev
# 為 PHP 準備 apt-get install libxml2 apt-get install libxml2-dev apt-get install libjpeg-dev apt-get install libpng-dev apt-get install libfreetype6-dev apt-get install libc-client-dev apt-get install libmcrypt-dev apt-get install libreadline5 apt-get install libreadline5-dev apt-get install libtidy-dev apt-get install libcurl4-dev
# 為 Memcached 準備 apt-get install libevent-dev apt-get install autoconf
# 為 ImageMagic 準備 apt-get install re2c apt-get install imagemagick apt-get install libmagick9-dev
# 下載和安裝 Apache groupadd www && useradd -g www -s /sbin/nologin www wget http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.3.tar.gz tar zxvf httpd-2.4.3.tar.gz cd httpd-2.4.3 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-load-all-modules --enable-suexec --with-suexec-docroot=/home make && make install && make clean chown -R root:www /usr/local/apache2
# 切到安裝目錄,建立儲存位置,增加 Percona 用戶和設置權限 cd .. mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data groupadd mysql && useradd mysql -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
# 下載和安裝 Percona wget http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-Server-5.5/LATEST/source/Percona-Server-5.5.28-rel29.3.tar.gz tar zxvf Percona-Server-5.5.28-rel29.3.tar.gz cd Percona-Server-5.5.28-rel29.3 cmake . -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release -DFEATURE_SET=community -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql make && make install
# 設定和建立 Percona 資料表 cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf chown -R mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data ls /usr/local/mysql/data chown -R root /usr/local/mysql chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/data chown root:mysql /var/run/mysqld
# 啟動 Percona /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
# 查看 Percona 啟動狀態 ps -ef|grep mysql
# 更新 root 的密碼 # - 如想要省去 --socket 參數,可以參考下面的解決方法 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock password 'The_Password'
# 安裝 PHP cd .. wget http://downloads.php.net/stas/php-5.4.11.tar.gz tar zxvf php-5.4.11.tar.gz cd php-5.4.11 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.4 --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --enable-fpm --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-bz2 --enable-bcmath --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-exif --enable-ftp --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-gd-jis-conv --with-gettext --with-imap --with-imap-ssl --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-pcntl --with-pdo-mysql --with-readline --enable-soap --enable-sockets --with-tidy --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-mysqlnd --with-kerberos --disable-fileinfo make && make install cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php-5.4/lib/php.ini
# 安裝 Memcached cd .. wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz tar zxvf memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz cd memcached-1.4.15 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --enable-64bit make && make install
# 安裝 Memcache 的 PHP Extension cd .. wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.7.tgz tar zxvf memcache-2.2.7.tgz cd memcache-2.2.7 /usr/local/php-5.4/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-5.4/bin/php-config make && make install
# 安裝 Redis cd .. wget http://redis.googlecode.com/files/redis-2.6.9.tar.gz tar zxvf redis-2.6.9.tar.gz cd redis-2.6.9 make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis make install PREFIX=/usr/local/redis mkdir /usr/local/redis/{conf,log,snapshot} cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis/conf
# 安裝 Redis 的 PHP Extension cd .. wget https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis/tarball/master -O phpredis-latest.tar.gz tar zxvf phpredis-latest.tar.gz cd nicolasff-phpredis-* /usr/local/php-5.4/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-5.4/bin/php-config make && make install
# 安裝 eAccelerator cd .. wget https://github.com/eaccelerator/eaccelerator/tarball/master -O eaccelerator-latest.tar.gz tar zxvf eaccelerator-latest.tar.gz cd eaccelerator-eaccelerator-* /usr/local/php-5.4/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-5.4/bin/php-config make && make install
# 建立 eAccelerator 緩存目錄 mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator_cache chmod 0777 /tmp/eaccelerator_cache
# 安裝 Suhosin Dev cd .. wget https://github.com/stefanesser/suhosin/tarball/master -O suhosin-latest.tar.gz tar zxvf suhosin-latest.tar.gz cd stefanesser-suhosin-* /usr/local/php-5.4/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-5.4/bin/php-config make && make install
# 安裝 ImageMagic cd .. wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-3.1.0RC2.tgz tar zxvf imagick-3.1.0RC2.tgz cd imagick-3.1.0RC2 /usr/local/php-5.4/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-5.4/bin/php-config make && make install
# 安裝 ProFTPD cd .. groupadd ftp && useradd ftp -g ftp -s /sbin/nologin wget ftp://ftp.proftpd.org/distrib/source/proftpd-1.3.4b.tar.gz tar zxvf proftpd-1.3.4b.tar.gz cd proftpd-1.3.4b ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/proftpd --enable-openssl make && make install
# 設置 iptables # 查看目前的 iptables 設置 (沒有任何規則) iptables -L # 建立新的規則文件 vim /etc/iptables.test.rules
*filter
# Clean all rules -F # Allows all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accepts all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allows all outbound traffic # You could modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allows HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites) -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Allows SSH connections # THE -dport NUMBER IS THE SAME ONE YOU SET UP IN THE SSHD_CONFIG FILE -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 1688 -j ACCEPT # Now you should read up on iptables rules and consider whether ssh access # for everyone is really desired. Most likely you will only allow access from certain IPs. -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 60000:65535 -j ACCEPT #-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT #-A INPUT -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT #-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT #-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT #-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 143 -j ACCEPT # Allow ping -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT # log iptables denied calls (access via 'dmesg' command) -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy: -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT # 將建立的規則加載到 iptables iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.test.rules
# 再次查看新的 iptables 設置 iptables -L
# 保存目前的設置.給予重啟時使用 iptables-save > /etc/iptables.up.rules
# 在重啟後自動加載規則 vim /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables
#!/bin/bash /sbin/iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules chmod +x /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables
# 修改 Redis 的 redis.conf vim /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf
daemonize yes logfile /usr/local/redis/log/redis.log dir /usr/local/redis/snapshot
# 修改 Proftpd 的 proftpd.conf vim /usr/local/proftpd/etc/proftpd.conf
# 修改成以下內容 ServerName "The FTP Provider" User ftp Group ftp # 刪除前方注解 DefaultRoot ~ # 在下方加入 RequireValidShell off DelayEngine off RootLogin off UseReverseDNS off ServerIdent off PassivePorts 60000 65535
# 修改 Apache 的 httpd.conf vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
# 移除前方注解並,將換成自己的 IP 或 Domain ServerName Your_IP_OR_Domain:80 # 改變執行者的身份 User daemon => User www Group daemon => Group www # 移除前方注解並加上 .pl AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl # 在 AddHandler cgi-script 下面加入 AddHandler php5-script .php # 移除注解以下注解 #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf #LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so # 加入預設的 index 檔名 DirectoryIndex index.html index.php index.pl index.cgi # 在 LoadModule 下面加入語句,防止 iframe 跨域攻擊等等 Header always append X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN Header always append X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" Header always append X-Content-Type-Options nonsniff Header unset Server
# 修改 Apache 的 httpd-vhosts.conf vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<virtualhost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "/home/user/domain.com/public_html" ServerName domain.com ServerAlias www.domain.com ErrorLog "logs/www.domain.com-error_log" CustomLog "logs/www.domain.com-access_log" common <directory "/home/user/domain.com/public_html"> Require all granted </directory> </virtualhost>
<virtualhost *:80> DocumentRoot "/home/user/sub.domain.com/public_html" ServerName sub.domain.com ErrorLog "logs/sub.domain.com-error_log" CustomLog "logs/sub.domain.com-access_log" common <directory "/home/user/domain.com/public_html"> Require all granted </directory> </virtualhost>
# 修改 PHP 的 php.ini vim /usr/local/php-5.4/lib/php.ini
;date.timezone = => date.timezone = Asia/Hong_Kong display_errors Off => display_errors On upload_max_filesize = 2M => upload_max_filesize = 8M disable_functions = => disable_functions = passthru,system,proc_open,popen,curl_multi_exec,parse_ini_file,show_source,dl,pclose,proc_nice,proc_terminate,proc_get_status,proc_close,leak,apache_child_terminate,shell-exec,exec,crack_check,crack_closedict,crack_getlastmessage,crack_opendict,psockopen,php_u,symlink,ini_restore,posix_getpwuid,system,pfsockopen,readfile,escapeshellarg,escapeshellcmd,proc_close,ini_alter,parse_ini_file,pcntl_exec,posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,copy,curl_exec,tempnam,shell_exe # 加入以下內容到 php.ini
extension_dir="/usr/local/php-5.4/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/" extension="memcache.so" extension="suhosin.so" extension="imagick.so" [eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/php-5.4/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="1" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9" eaccelerator.keys = "disk_only" eaccelerator.sessions = "disk_only" eaccelerator.content = "disk_only" # 啟動 Memcached /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 16 -l 127.0.0.1 -p 11211 -u root -c 64
# 啟動 Redis /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf
# 啟動 Apache /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
# 啟動 FTP /usr/local/proftpd/sbin/proftpd -c /usr/local/proftpd/etc/proftpd.conf
# 加入自動啟動列 vim /etc/rc.local
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 16 -l 127.0.0.1 -p 11211 -u root -c 64 /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf & /usr/local/proftpd/sbin/proftpd -c /usr/local/proftpd/etc/proftpd.conf /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
---------------------------------------------
# Percona 的安裝過程問題記錄
出錯處理: - rm CMakeCache.txt && make clean 參數參考: - http://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/autotools-to-cmake.html - https://wikis.oracle.com/display/mysql/Autotools+to+CMake+Transition+Guide - http://who0168.blog.51cto.com/253401/469898 - cmake . -LH 備注參考: - myisam 已強制安裝
找不到 mysqld.sock 問題: RROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) 加入一個連結就可以解決: ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
# PHP 的安裝過程問題記錄
問題: configure: error: jpeglib.h not found. 解決: - 搜尋 aptitude search libjpeg - 安裝 apt-get install libjpeg-dev 問題: make: *** [ext/fileinfo/libmagic/apprentice.lo] Error 1 解決: 編譯時加入 --disable-fileinfo
# Apache 的安裝過程問題記錄
問題: 執行啟動指令後瀏覽相應網址看不到網頁 解決: tail /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log 裡是否有模組沒加載 # 加入自動啟動 /etc/rc.local 的問題記錄
問題: 不會自動啟動裡面的命名行 解決: - ls -la /etc/rc5.d/S19rc.local 是否指向 ../init.d/rc.local - less /etc/init.d/rc.local 內容是否會正常執行 /etc/rc.local # 加入 iptables 時的問題記錄
問題: 如果更新新的規則 解決: 在 restore 的時間就已經自動更新 問題: 如何檢查 Port 是否已被打開或禁止 解決: - 自機中安裝 apt-get install nmap - 自機中執行 nmap -sS Your_IP
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